全国2008年7月高等教育自学考试英语阅读（一）试题
课程代码:00595

I. Careful Reading. (40 points, 2 points for each)
Directions: Read the following passages carefully. Decide on the best answers and write the corresponding letters on your Answer Sheet.
Passage One
Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.
  Although no one is certain why migration occurs, there are several theories. One theory is based upon the premise that prehistoric birds of the Northern Hemisphere were forced south during the Ice Age, when glaciers covered large parts of Europe, Asia, and North America. As the glaciers melted, the birds came back to their homelands, spent the summer, and then went south again as the ice advanced in winter. In time, the migration became a habit, and now, although the glaciers have disappeared, the habit continues.
  Another theory proposes that the ancestral home of all modern birds was the tropics. When the region became overpopulated, many species were crowded north. During the summer, there was plenty of food, but during the winter, scarcity forced them to return to the tropics.
A more recent theory, known as photoperiodism, suggests a relationship between increasing daylight and the stimulation, of certain glands in the birds’ bodies that may prepare them for migration. One scientist has been able to cause midwinter migrations by exposing birds to artificial periods of daylight. He has concluded that changes occur in the bodies of birds due to seasonal changes in the length of daylight.
1. According to one theory, when the glaciers disappeared, birds_______.
A. stopped migrating 
B. continued migrating
C. began migrating again 
D. migrated south and stayed there

2. The author states that birds left the tropics because_______.
A. there was not enough food there in the winter
B. there were too many birds
C. there were too many glaciers
D. there was too much daylight

3. Why did one scientist expose birds to artificial daylight?
A. Because he wanted to test the relationship between daylight and changes in the season.
B. Because he wanted to test the relationship between migration and temperature.
C. Because he wanted to test the relationship between daylight and migration.
D. Because he wanted to test the relationship between daylight and a disease of the glands common to birds.

4. According to the theory of photoperiodism, _______.
A. birds should migrate in the middle of the winter
B. increasing daylight increases the distance of migration
C. seasonal changes in the length of days do not affect migration
D. longer days cause changes in the bodies of birds

5. This passage supports the belief that _______.
A. exact reasons for migration are not known
B. birds migrate because of changes in temperature
C. the ancestral home of all birds was the tropics
D. glaciers caused birds to migrate

Passage Two
Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.
  When Christopher Columbus landed in the New World, the North American continent was an area of astonishing ethnic and cultural spanersity. North of the Rio Grande, which now marks the border between the United States and Mexico, has a population of over 12 million people representing approximately 400 distinct cultures, 500 languages, and a remarkable variety of political and religious institutions and physical and ethnic types, Compared to the Europeans, the Indian peoples were extraordinarily heterogeneous, and they often viewed the Europeans as just another tribe.
  These varied tribal cultures were as spanersified as the land the Indians inhabited. In the high plains of the Dakotas, the Mandan developed a peaceful communal society centered around agriculture. Only a few hundred miles away, however, in northwestern Montana, the Blackfeet turned from agriculture and began to use horses, which had been introduced by the Spaniards. As skilled riders, they became hunters and fighters and developed a fierce and aggressive culture centered around the buffalo. In the eastern woodlands surrounding the Great Lakes, the Potawatomis were expert fishermen, canoe builders, and hunters. In the Northeast, the six Iroquois nations were among the most politically sophisticated people in the world, forming the famed Iroquois Confederation, which included the Senecas and the Mohawks. This confederation, with its system of checks and balances, provided a model for the United States Constitution.
6. About how many different cultures existed among the fifteenth-century North American Indians?
A. 400. 
B. 500.
C. 600. 
D. 1200.

7. The Mandan tribes could best be classified as ________.
A. hunters 
B. canoe builders
C. farmers
D. fishermen

8. Before the introduction of horses, the Bla

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