2020年贵州自考《现代语言学》练习试题及答案

I. Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration. (3%×5=15%)

1.duality

2. root

3. reference

4. hyponymy

5. perlocutionary act

Ⅱ. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×15=30%)

( )1. As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people

actually use, and not to lay down rules for "correct" linguistic behavior,

it is said to be ___________.

A、 prescriptive B、 sociolinguistic

C、 descriptive D、 psycholinguistic

( )2. In English, "pill” and "bill” are ___________.

A. a phonemic contrast B. complementary distribution

C. assimilation D a minimal pair

( )3. Of the three branches of phonetics, the longest established, and until recently the most highly developed, is___________phonetics.

A. auditory B. acoustic

C. articulatory D. none of the above three

( )4. What the element ‘-es’ indicates is third person singular, present tense, the element ‘-ed’ past tense, and ‘-ing’ progressive aspect. Since they are the smallest unit of language and meaningful, they are also___________.

A. phonemes B. morphemes

C. allophones D. phones

( )5 .In terms of the place of articulation, the following sounds [t][d][s][z][n] share the feature of ___________.

A. palatal B. alveolar

C. bilabial D. dental

( )6.The fact that different languages have different words for the same object is good proof that human language is ___________.

A. arbitrary B.non-arbitrary

C. logical D.non-productive

( )7.The pair of words "lend”and "borrow”are ___________

A.gradable antonyms B.converse antonyms

C.co-hyponyms D.synonyms

( )8.The function of the sentence "A nice day, isn't it?”is ___________

A.informative B.phatic C.directive D.performative

( )9.The semantic components of the word "gentleman” can be expressed as___________.

A.+animate,+male,+human, +adult B.+animate,+male,+human,-adult

C.+animate,-male,+human,-adult D.+animate,-male,+human,+adult

( )10.The utterance "We're already working 25 hours a day, eight days a week."obviously violates the maxim of ___________.

A.quality B.quantity C.relation D.manner

( )11. The sentence "The baby smiled.” is a___________.

A. two-place predication B. three-place predication

C. no-place predication D. one-place predication

( )12. "John killed Bill but Bill didn’t die” is a (n) ___________.

A. entailment B. presupposition

C. anomaly D. contradiction

( )13. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning _________ is considered.

A. reference B. speech act

C. context D. practical usage

( )14. A sentence is a _________ concept, and the meaning of a sentence is often studied in isolation.

A. pragmatic B. grammatical

C. mental D. conceptual

( )15. The sentence structure is _________.

A. only linear B. only hierarchical

C. complex D. both linear and hierarchical

Ⅲ. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. (2%×10=20%)

( )1. In modern linguistic studies, the written form of language is given

more emphasis than the spoken form for a number of reasons.

( )2. The compound word "bookstore" is the place where books are sold. This

indicates that the meaning of a compound is the sum total of the meanings of its components.

( )3. Only when a maxim under Cooperative Principle is blatantly violated

and the hearer knows that it is being violated, do conversational implicatures arise.

( )4. All words may be said to contain a root morpheme.

( )5.The word "photographically” is made up of 5morphemes.

( )6. A general difference between phonetics and phonology is that

phonetics is focused on the production of speech sounds while phonology is

more concerned with how speech sounds distinguish meaning.

( )7. The relationship between the embedded clause and its matrix clause is one of a part to the whole.

( )8."The student” in the sentence "The student liked the linguistic lecture”, and "The linguistic lecture” in the sentence "The linguistic lecture liked the student.” belong to the same syntactic category.

( )9. "It is raining hard” is a one-place predication sentence.

( )10. Componential analysis is based on the belief that the meaning of a word cannot be dissected into meaning components, called semantic feature.

Ⅳ. Answer the following questions. (35%)

1. Give the description of the following sound segments in English. (5%)

[k]

[z]

[w]

[u:]

[i]

2. What are the major distinctions between langue and parole? (5%)

3. According to the ways antonyms differ, how many groups can we classify antonyms into? Illustrate them with examples. (5%)

4. Paraphrase the sentence "The boy saw the man with the telescope.” by drawing the constituent structure trees for each possible interpretation. (10%)

5. What are the four maxims of the CP? Comment on the following conversation in terms of Grice’s Cooperative Principle:

A: Where’ve you been?

B: Out.