2020年自考《英语翻译》重点试题及答案

I.Fill in the following blanks (20%):

1/ 翻译理论又有了新发展。傅雷在《高老头·重译本序》中提出：以效果而论，翻译应当像临画一样，所求的不在形似而在________。60年代钱钟书在《林纾的翻译》一文中更进一步提出：文学翻译的最高标准是"化”。把作品从一国文字转变成另一国文字，既能不因语文习惯的差异而露出生硬牵强的痕迹，又能完全保存原有的风味，那应算得入于________。

2/ 汉语自有汉语之美。汉语不注重对客观现实作符合逻辑的形式的描摹，不执著于形式结构的规范。汉语是一种时现"阴柔之美”(________ )的语言。汉语的魅力系于她的流散和疏放，系于她的暗示力和________。

3/ 英语不甘于逻辑的内涵，而是将逻辑关系"________”，以明显的逻辑标记使自己成为一种重"形合”的语言。而汉语则乐于不动声色的"________”，在其表层结构上不留或少留逻辑痕迹。

4/ 译文既传达原文的信息，又尽可能地保持原文的________。直译是一种重要的翻译方法。有人估算，翻译过程中，________的句子要用直译方法来处理。

5/ 陆殿扬先生就曾明确指出：Translate literally, if possible, or, appeal to____________.(如果可能，就直译;否则就采取_________。)

6/ 汉语是一种"________”，寥寥数词，就能出意境，出氛围，出画面。所以，汉语中许多________的表达要译成英语，那简直是要英语的"命”了。

7/ 形合与意合是语言学涉及句法问题的两个重要概念。其相应的英语表达系源于希腊语的________和________。

8/ 文体犹如一年中的四季，春夏秋冬，四季分明。文体有正式(the formal style)与非正式(the informal style)之别。再细分，前者含庄严体(the Frozen Style)与正式体(the Formal Style);后者含商议体(the Consultative Style)、________(________ )、亲密体(the Intimate Style)。正式与非正式之间，也一如四季。

9/ 读欧阳修《丰乐亭记》里的"仰而望山，俯而听泉”，忽悟：此乃借用白居易《庐山草堂记》"仰观山，俯听泉”语。此间仅曾一字，则文气却异，除增加了一份舒缓外，还别有一番行文趣味。初唐杰出诗人王勃27岁就匆匆离开人世，却给后人留下了传世名篇《腾王阁序》，此外，他还写下了"________,________ ”的千古名句。细究之下，此名句乃脱胎于庾信的"落花与芝盖齐飞，杨柳共春旗一色”。

10/ 1.Thirty Years Ago, Man Slipped Bonds Of Earth / 2.Kennedy Drama Brings Tributes, Trauma In U.S. Press

两条标题均隐含幽默。前者________，后者________。

II.English to Chinese (20%):

1/ You look like AL Capone in that suit.

2/ Though a translation may be like old wine in new bottles or a woman in man's clothing, the results can be both tasteful and alive.

3/ It is a long lane that has no turning.

4/ My Heyne’s Tibullus was grasped at such a moment. It lay on the stall of the old book-shop in Goodge Street ---- a stall where now and then one found an excellent thing among quantities of rubbish.

5/ We had plenty of company in the way of wagon-loads and mule-loads of tourists ---- and dust.

6/ Nothing. No tracks but my own are stitched into the dusting of fresh snow, white as birch bark, that fell during the night. No flittering shadows in the trees, not a sliver of bird song in the air.

7/ There are seasons of the heart. There are seasons in our lives, just as there are seasons to all of nature. These seasons cannot be forced any more than one can force the coming of spring by pulling at tender blades of grass to make them grow. It took me a while to understand.

8/ The young girls laugh as they drive the geese over the rocks; they laugh as they climb the low stone walls with their baskets; they laugh as they call off the wild dogs that threaten to devour the stranger; they laugh most of all on evenings at dance time when the men are home from overseas.

9/ Some fishing boats were becalmed just in front of us. Their shadows slept, or almost slept, upon that water, a gentle quivering alone showing that it was not complete sleep, or if sleep, that it was sleep with dreams.

10/ But every time I made a move to get it some passing eye detected my purpose, and of course I straightened up then, and looked indifferent, and pretended that I hadn't been thinking about the pear at all. This same thing kept happening and happening, and I couldn't get the pear. I was just getting desperate enough to brave all the shame, and to seize it, when a window behind me was raised, and a gentleman spoke out of it, saying:

"Step in here, please."

III.English to Chinese (30%)〖Passage I〗：

1/ The second kind of false travel for conversation, in order that one may talk about it afterwards.

2/ I have seen visitors at Hup’ao of Hangchow, a place famous for its tea and spring water, having their picture taken in the act of lifting tea cups to their lips.

3/ To be sure, it is a highly poetic sentiment to show friends a picture of themselves drinking tea at Hup’ao.

4/ The danger is that one spends less thought on the actual taste of the tea on the photograph itself.

5/ This sort of thing can become an obsession (迷恋;困扰), especially with travelers provided with cameras, as we so often see on sight-seeing buses in Paris and London.

6/ The tourists are too busy with their cameras that they have no time to look at the places themselves.

7/ Of course they have the privilege of looking at them in the pictures afterwards when they go home, but it is obvious that pictures of Trafalgar Square (特拉法尔加广场，在英国伦敦的威斯敏斯特) or the Champs Elysees(香榭丽舍大街)can be bought in New York or in Peiping.

8/ As these historical places become places to be talked about afterwards instead of places to be looked at, it is natural that the more places one visits, the richer the memory will be, and the more places there will be to talk about.

9/ This urge for learning and scholarship therefore impels the tourist to cover as many points as possible in a day.

10/ He has in his hand a program of places to visit, and as he comes to a place, he checks it off with a pencil on the program. I suspect such travelers are trying to be efficient even on their holiday. (注：译文请写出原句的序号)

IV.English to Chinese(30%)〖Passage II〗：

1/ However, a former colleague of Antinori cast doubt on the pregnancy claims on Wednesday, saying that none of the Italian doctor's original team was participating.

2/ "I don't believe what he has said," Panos Zavos told the English language daily Cyprus Mail. Zavos is continuing his own cloning research for childless couples.

3/ Scientists have condemned human cloning as irresponsible because of the risk of deformities(畸形)and miscarriage.

4/ The United Nations set up a panel last year aimed at drafting an international treaty to outlaw(宣布…为不合法)the cloning of human beings, but Antinori insisted that many of his colleagues were continuing his research underground.

5/ Antinori went on to accuse President Bush of practicing "ethical Talibanism" because of the strong stance(姿态)he has taken against cloning experiments.

6/ "The West and Europe simply aren't realistic in wanting to ban cloning. " fumed(本义：冒烟)the bronzed professor.

7/ "They have to understand ---- reproduction, sex, everything linked to privacy cannot be meddled with(干预)by the State."

8/ Antinori gained fame after helping a 62-year-old women become a mother using a donated egg in the early 1990s and he told Wednesday's news conference that one thousand babies had now been born using his fertility treatment.

9/ "The (cloning) project will give millions of people the chance to exercise their ancestral right to reproduce," he said on Wednesday.(注：译文请写出原句的序号)

　参考答案

1/ 神似 /"化境” 2/ femininity/ 意境性3/ 外化/意合4/ 表达形式/70% 5/ free translation. / 意译6/意境语言/ 意境性强7/ hypotaxis parataxis8/ 随意体the Casual Style 9/ 落霞与孤鹜齐飞，秋水共长天一色10/轻松凝重

KEY:

1/ 你穿上那套衣服，看上去就像流氓阿尔·卡彭了。

2/ 虽然一篇译文可以像置于新瓶中的老酒，或似身着男装的女子，但是，酒仍不

失其甘醇、而女子仍风韵不减。

3/ 无论多长的巷子也有拐弯之处。(路必有弯，事必有变。)

4/ 那册海涅编写的《狄巴拉斯诗选》便得手于此种情势之下。它静卧在古畿大街一家旧书屋的书摊上，此书屋是一个可以沙里淘金的去处。

5/ 我们的旅伴真不少，有乘马车的，有骑骡子的，还有滚滚尘土呢。

6/ 白茫茫的一片。没有别的什么踪迹，只有我的脚印如一行细密的针脚印在积雪上，积雪白如桦树皮，是昨夜落下的，在树上没有鸟儿轻捷的身影，在空中也听不到鸟儿一丝的啁啾。

7/ 心有四季。生活也有四季，就如自然界万物都有春夏秋冬一样。四季无法认为地加以改变，就如一个人无法用拔苗助长的方法强令春天的到来。我经过了好一阵子才懂得了这点。

8/ 少女们笑着把鹅赶过乱石滩，少女们笑着身背竹篮，越过石垒矮墙，少女们笑着赶走对陌生人构成威胁的野狗，少女们笑得最开怀的时候是当男人们从海外归来后举办的晚间舞会上。

9/ 渔舟三五，横泊眼前，樯影倒映水面，仿佛睡去，偶而微颤，似又未尝深眠，恍若惊梦。

10/ 可是我每次刚俯身拣梨，便有行人识破我的企图，当然我只得挺直身子，佯装无事，仿佛压根儿没打那只梨的主意。此情此景，终而复始，梨儿终究无法得手。我正想铤而走险，置老脸于不顾，一把抓起那只梨，却不料背后的一扇窗户突然打开，一位先生从里面喊道：

"请进来吧。”